Progressive Slots Online in the UK: How They Work

Updated November 2026
Licensed
gbAvailable in GB
Fast payouts
18+ Only

Progressive jackpots can grow through wager contributions, while reducing the share available for ordinary game wins.

Glowing jackpot meter with rising golden particles in a dim British casino interior.

Progressive Slots: The Jackpot Comes at a Cost

A progressive slot exchanges some of its ordinary-game return for a prize that can grow as play continues. A portion of each qualifying wager is directed to the jackpot pool rather than remaining in the base game. The appeal is clear: the prize may become much larger than a fixed slot payout. The cost is less visible on the screen but matters more to the calculation. The base game can return a smaller share of stakes.

The contribution is commonly between 1% and 3% of each wager. That money is allocated to the progressive prize, so it is not available for ordinary wins in the same way as funds retained by a non-progressive game. This does not mean every spin loses that amount, or that the jackpot contribution is a separate fee charged after a win. It is part of how the wager is divided within the game.

The base-game RTP for progressive slots often sits between 88% and 92%. RTP describes the proportion of stakes a game is designed to return over extensive play, not a promise about the result of an individual session. In a progressive game, the base-game figure is lower because some of the expected payout is assigned to the growing jackpot. The displayed jackpot can therefore make the game look more generous than its ordinary results alone would suggest. It is a different allocation of potential returns, not an additional return without a cost.

The comparison with a non-progressive slot should be made on the base game, not by looking only at the jackpot display. A larger headline prize does not establish that more money comes back through routine play. Nor does a lower base-game RTP tell a player how likely a jackpot win is. Those are separate questions: one concerns the game’s return structure; the other concerns the chance and conditions of a particular prize. Treating them as the same figure produces a poor comparison.

Classic Slots Online in the UK: How They Work

This distinction also matters when progressive penny slots are considered. A small stake can make each spin’s monetary value smaller, but it does not remove the underlying trade-off: part of the wager goes toward the jackpot, while the base game may return less than a non-progressive alternative. The label “penny” is not evidence that the jackpot contribution disappears or that the base-game RTP is higher. The relevant terms are those attached to the specific game and the way its stake is allocated.

For UK players, the regulatory setting is part of the cost assessment, not a substitute for it. The UK Gambling Commission oversees gambling activity, including online casino gambling. In Great Britain, it is the single regulator for commercial gambling. Remote operators offering gambling to consumers there fall under its remit even when their key equipment is located elsewhere. The Commission grants operating licences to gambling businesses and personal licences to individuals carrying out specified roles.

The Gambling Act 2005 governs gambling in England, Wales and Scotland; Northern Ireland is outside that Act. In Great Britain, a business selling remote gambling must hold the relevant Gambling Commission licence. A licence establishes a regulatory framework for the operator; it does not change the game’s RTP, make a jackpot more likely, or remove the difference between jackpot funding and base-game return. Those remain features of the game itself.

Accordingly, “progressive” describes a prize structure, not a guarantee of value. A slot can accumulate a substantial jackpot while returning a smaller proportion through its ordinary play. The contribution rate and base-game RTP show where the trade-off sits, but they do not settle whether a particular game is suitable or predict what any session will return. The clean comparison is between the ordinary-game return and the share diverted to the pool, with the jackpot treated as a separate possible outcome rather than money already earned.

Top online casinos in the UK

  1. Zombillion
    Bonus: Welcome Pack 250% up to £4000 + 200 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  2. Amunbet
    Bonus: Join now and get 450% up to 2,700 GBP + 450 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  3. SlotoSport
    Bonus: 500% up to £ 10 200+ 777 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  4. Dieselwin
    Bonus: Welcome Pack 250% up to £4000 + 200 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  5. SpinFormula
    Bonus: 550% Up To £15,000 + 550 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  6. NightLuck
    Bonus: Welcome Pack + 805% Up To 6400€ + 280 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  7. Revery Play
    Bonus: 100% up to€1,000+ 100 FS · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  8. WinBeast
    Bonus: €5000 + 500 FS + €650 Freebet · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  9. x3bet
    Bonus: Welcome Pack 100% Up to £1.000 + 200 Free Spins · Payout speed: 1-3 business days
  10. Jetsetspins
    Bonus: 200% Bonus + 100 Free Spins + Free Royal Wheel · Payout speed: 1-3 business days

How Jackpot Networks Pool Contributions

A progressive jackpot network links participating versions of the same slot so that wagers made on connected machines contribute to a shared prize pool. The machines may be accessed through different operators, but the jackpot is not necessarily confined to the casino account through which a particular wager was placed. Where operators carry the same networked progressive slot, the pool can be shared across them.

A progressive jackpot pool can be shared across different operators if they carry the same networked progressive slot.

The basic accounting distinction is between the wager and the contribution. A wager is the amount staked on a game; a portion of wagers on connected machines is added to the progressive pool. The pool therefore grows through activity across the network, rather than being funded solely by one player or one operator. The contribution is not the whole stake: wagers also belong to the game’s wider financial structure.

This arrangement changes the scale at which the jackpot is funded. A slot available through one operator may participate in a pool receiving contributions from connected versions elsewhere. The relevant boundary is the network for that progressive game, not simply the operator’s website or its customer base. A casino can provide access to the game without being the only source of contributions to its jackpot.

That distinction matters when comparing a game’s presence across sites. Two operators carrying the same progressive slot may connect players to one shared prize pool, rather than maintaining separate jackpots for their own customers. The game’s network arrangement determines that relationship; the operator hosting the game is not, by itself, evidence that the prize pool belongs only to that operator.

The same principle also limits what can be inferred from a displayed jackpot figure. A growing total reflects contributions accumulated through connected play, but the figure alone does not identify how many operators are connected, how much any single player has contributed, or how the network is configured. Those details cannot be calculated from the displayed amount without information about the specific game and its pool.

For accounting purposes, it is useful to keep three elements separate:

They are related, but they are not interchangeable. A player’s wager enters the game’s system; only a contribution from that wager goes towards the progressive pool. The shared prize can then reflect contributions made through connected machines at more than one operator.

A progressive slot may therefore appear in several UK casino catalogues while drawing on the same network jackpot. The operator supplies access to the game, while the pool can extend beyond that operator. This is why the jackpot attached to a networked slot should not automatically be read as a site-specific prize.

The practical point is one of scope: network pooling spreads contributions across connected play, including across operators carrying the same progressive game. It explains where the shared pool comes from and why its growth is not limited to activity at a single casino. It does not, by itself, establish how a particular jackpot is awarded; that depends on the game’s own rules.

Progressive Jackpot Games and Changing Catalogues

There is no dependable, fixed list of progressive jackpot slots available across every UK casino. The games shown depend on the operator’s catalogue, and that catalogue can change when providers update their offerings. A specialist review notes this variation; it is a reason to treat any list as a snapshot of one service, not as a permanent market-wide inventory.

Operator Catalogues

Availability depends on the specific operator’s live selection and can change when providers update offerings.

Provider Portfolios

Companies like Playtech or NetEnt create the games, but their portfolio is not proof that every casino offers every title.

Game Labels

Labels like "most popular" or "newly added" reflect operator placement or specific catalogue updates rather than universal rankings.

The range can be approached by asking what a catalogue actually confirms. A title may be presented as a video slot with a progressive jackpot, but that label alone does not establish whether it is available at a particular UKGC-licensed operator. Nor does a list assembled from several casinos show that every listed game can be opened through any one account. Availability belongs to the operator’s live selection, not to the general category.

Provider names can help identify who made a game, but they do not settle whether a particular title is currently carried. Playtech, NetEnt, Microgaming, Games Global, Pragmatic Play, Evolution, Red Tiger, Push Gaming, Hacksaw Gaming, Nolimit City and Stakelogic BV are game providers; their names are not a substitute for checking a specific title in an operator’s catalogue. A provider’s wider portfolio is not proof that every casino offers every game associated with it.

This matters when comparing what appears to be the same progressive slot across different services. A title may be present in one catalogue and absent from another, while an older list may no longer reflect the current selection. The practical question is therefore narrower than “Which progressive slots exist in the UK?”: which named title does a particular UKGC-licensed operator make available at the time of checking? A catalogue page or the operator’s game search can answer that more directly than a general list copied between sites.

Top Rated Online Casinos UK: Ratings and Licensing

“Most popular” is also a label that needs a defined measure. It might refer to search interest, operator placement, player numbers or another ranking basis; without one, it does not identify a verifiable order. A prominent tile is evidence of placement on that page, not proof that a game is the most played across the UK. Likewise, a newly added title is new to a particular catalogue, not necessarily a new release across the market. Provider updates can change what is offered, but they do not create a reliable universal ranking.

Bitcoin searches require a separate distinction. The fact that a person is looking for a progressive slot using that term does not confirm that a UKGC-licensed casino accepts Bitcoin, or that a particular progressive game is available through such a payment route. Game availability and payment methods are separate catalogue and account conditions. For British consumers, the relevant legal setting is a UKGC-licensed operator; a payment-related label elsewhere does not establish that condition.

A useful comparison records the operator and the exact game title together. Without both, a statement that a slot is available is incomplete: it may describe a provider’s portfolio, an old catalogue, or a different casino. The same caution applies to broad lists of progressive jackpot slots. A list can be useful as a set of titles to investigate, but it should not be read as exhaustive, ranked or guaranteed to remain current.

Do

Don’t

For a decision based on a specific game, the operator’s own listing is the relevant check. Confirm the title in that catalogue rather than inferring availability from a provider name, a general article or a search result. If the game is not listed there, its appearance in another casino’s catalogue does not establish access through the first one. If it is listed, that establishes its presence in that operator’s selection at the time of checking—not a permanent place in the catalogue.

The result is a market with changing selections rather than a single definitive roster. Catalogue changes are ordinary commercial updates, not evidence that every provider or operator carries the same progressive titles. A careful comparison therefore keeps its claims limited to the operator, game and point in time actually checked.

Free Play, Demos and Bonus Limits

A free demo can show how a progressive slot is laid out: its symbols, paytable, bonus features and the way the jackpot is displayed. Browser-based versions may run without a download, where an operator provides them. That makes a demo useful for checking the game’s presentation and basic rules before committing money.

It cannot establish what a real-money session will return or whether a particular bonus offer permits play on that title. A jackpot appearing in a demo is not evidence that a cash prize is available in free mode. Nor does a run of demo spins predict the results of later play. The demo is a way to inspect the product, not a small-scale forecast.

Amatic Slots at UK Casinos: Licensing and Access

The practical question of whether progressive slots are worth trying for free therefore has a limited answer: free play can help assess whether the game’s format is appealing, but it cannot price the chance of winning or confirm the terms attached to a promotion. For a no-download demo, availability depends on whether the operator makes that game playable in a browser; the label alone does not establish that a jackpot feature is active.

Free spins and no-deposit offers

Promotional spins are not automatically eligible for progressive jackpots. A specialist review reports that most free-spin offers are limited to non-progressive games, and that winnings from progressive slots may be capped at £50–£100. These are reported terms, not a standard that applies to every UK offer. The offer’s own rules determine which games qualify and what happens to winnings.

A no-deposit bonus has a separate calculation. The same specialist-review evidence reports wagering requirements of 40x–60x and maximum withdrawal caps of £50–£100 for such winnings. A wagering requirement means the bonus or winnings must meet the stated play-through condition before withdrawal; a cap limits the amount that can be withdrawn even if the balance is higher. The exact offer terms matter more than the headline value.

Before activating either type of promotion, the relevant checks are whether the progressive game is eligible, whether jackpot winnings are excluded or capped, what wagering applies, and whether a maximum withdrawal is stated. If a term is unclear, the promotional rules—not the demo screen—are the place to resolve it. A free spin may imitate paid play visually while producing winnings governed by a different set of conditions. That distinction is where the small print earns its keep.

Most free-spin offers are limited to non-progressive games, and winnings from progressive slots may be capped at £50–£100.

Real-Money Play: RTP, Withdrawals and Payout Timing

The comparison between progressive slots and regular slots begins with the return assigned to the base game. Progressive titles often have a base-game RTP of 88%–92%; part of the payout otherwise available to ordinary play is directed to the jackpot pool. A regular slot does not have that progressive jackpot contribution built into its structure, so its base-game return may be higher. That is a comparison of game mathematics, not a prediction of what an individual session will return.

RTP is a long-run percentage, not a payout schedule. It does not set a minimum return for a particular player or session, and a growing jackpot does not cancel the lower base-game RTP. For real-money play, the relevant figure is the RTP assigned to the specific game version, alongside the jackpot terms. A headline prize is only one part of the calculation; the base game determines the return structure while the jackpot remains a separate, uncertain outcome.

Withdrawal timing is a separate matter from the game’s RTP. A specialist review reports debit-card withdrawals as taking 1–3 working days, e-wallet withdrawals as potentially arriving within hours, and bank transfers as taking 3–5 working days or longer. These are reported processing ranges, not a payment promise for every UKGC-licensed operator. The method available, the operator’s processing steps and any checks applied can affect the time before funds arrive.

Online Craps Casinos in the UK: What Can Be Verified

A large progressive jackpot can involve additional identity or account verification before payment. A specialist review also reports that some large prizes may be paid in structured instalments over several years rather than as one immediate transfer. The actual arrangement depends on the game and operator’s published terms, so the displayed jackpot amount should not automatically be treated as a single sum available for withdrawal at once.

For a cash-flow assessment, the useful distinction is between the prize value shown, the payment schedule that applies, and the time needed to complete checks and transfer funds. Those are separate conditions. A fast e-wallet transfer does not remove verification or convert an instalment award into a lump sum; conversely, a staged payout does not describe the base-game RTP. Each term affects a different part of the final amount and its timing.

How Progressive Slot Jackpots Work

A progressive jackpot is linked to wagers made on connected slot machines. As play takes place, contributions from those wagers accumulate in the jackpot pool. The displayed prize can therefore grow while the jackpot remains unclaimed. The pool and the slot’s ordinary play are related, but they are not the same thing: a wager contributes to the shared prize, while the game still has to meet its own trigger conditions for that prize to be awarded.

How online progressive slots work depends on the game’s trigger design. Some use a random trigger: the jackpot may be awarded when the game’s system selects a qualifying play, rather than when a particular symbol pattern appears. In that case, the ordinary result shown on the reels does not necessarily explain why the jackpot was won. A random award is a separate possible outcome of playing the progressive game.

Random trigger mechanism

A random trigger awards the jackpot when the game’s system selects a qualifying play, meaning the result on the reels does not necessarily explain why the jackpot was won.

Other progressive slots make the jackpot dependent on a defined event within the game. That may be a specific combination of symbols, or entry into a bonus round in which the jackpot can be won. The combination or bonus event is part of the game’s rules; reaching a bonus round does not, by itself, establish that the jackpot has been awarded. The exact sequence depends on the individual slot.

The basic sequence is therefore straightforward: wagers feed the pool, the game processes each play, and a jackpot is paid if the relevant trigger occurs. What cannot be inferred from the rising display is when that trigger will happen. A larger displayed prize records the pool’s current value; it is not a signal that a win is due, nor does it reveal which spin will qualify.

This distinction matters when assessing claims about how to win at progressive slots. A player can follow the game’s stated rules, but those rules describe eligibility and trigger routes, not a method that guarantees the jackpot. Where the game uses a particular combination or bonus entry, those are conditions of the game, not a reliable prediction of the next result. Where the trigger is random, the result is not identified by a visible sequence of ordinary outcomes.

For any particular progressive slot, its paytable and game information are the relevant place to identify the trigger route. They show whether the jackpot is attached to a random event, a combination, or a bonus feature. Without that distinction, the jackpot figure alone says little about how the game awards it.

Barcrest Online Casinos: Supplier and Availability Checks

Odds, Contributions and the Limits of Playing Tips

A progressive slot’s contribution rate and its base-game return describe different parts of the game’s accounting. Typically, between 1% and 3% of each wager is allocated to the jackpot pool. The base game RTP often falls within the 88%–92% range, with the difference in payout directed towards that pool.

Those figures do not mean that the jackpot receives the entire gap between a wager and the stated RTP. The contribution rate identifies the portion assigned to the progressive prize; RTP describes expected returns from the base game over extended play. Neither figure gives the probability that a particular spin will win the jackpot.

The same distinction limits what can be concluded about odds of winning progressive slots. A contribution percentage measures funding, not the chance that a player’s wager triggers the prize. A lower base-game RTP also does not, by itself, show how many spins or how much play would be needed before a jackpot hit. Those conclusions require information about the game’s trigger and probability model, not just its contribution rate and RTP.

That is why tips for playing progressive slots cannot turn these figures into a reliable advantage. Changing the size or timing of wagers does not follow mathematically from the stated rates. Nor does a jackpot’s current size establish that a win is due: the pool’s value and the chance of a trigger are separate quantities.

A useful comparison is therefore limited but clear. The contribution rate indicates how much of each wager is directed to the growing prize, while base-game RTP indicates the stated return profile outside that prize. A player weighing the two should treat the jackpot contribution as money routed to a contingent outcome, not as an ordinary base-game return.

Contribution rates and base-game RTP describe funding and return profiles, but they do not provide the probability or frequency of a jackpot hit.

How often do progressive slots hit is not answerable from these percentages alone. They show where some of the wager goes and how the base game is positioned; they do not show the frequency of jackpot awards. A large pool may look persuasive on screen, but its size is not a probability calculation. Any playing tip that claims to derive a winning schedule or predictable hit rate from contribution and RTP figures is assigning them a meaning they do not contain.

Mystery Jackpots and Must-Hit-By Conditions

A progressive jackpot can be described by how it is triggered, not just by the fact that its prize grows. Some games award a jackpot through a random event during play. Others require a particular symbol combination or entry into a bonus round. These are different routes to a prize: a random trigger does not depend on landing the named combination, while a combination-based trigger does.

“Mystery” is a useful label for a jackpot whose trigger is not presented as a visible winning combination. It does not, by itself, establish when the prize will be awarded or which bets qualify. A game’s rules determine those conditions. The label is not a substitute for them.

“Must hit by” is also a condition that needs to be read in the game’s own rules. The wording alone does not establish the trigger method, the eligible stake or what happens when the stated condition is reached. In particular, it should not be treated as proof that every spin has the same chance of winning, or that a jackpot is due to a particular player. The relevant terms are the game’s trigger description and any stated eligibility requirements.

Amatic Casinos in the UK: Licensing and Play

A specialist review reports that certain random-trigger progressive games require a minimum bet for eligibility for the highest jackpot tier. That is a reported condition for some games, not a general rule for mystery jackpots or a feature that can be inferred from the title. Where a minimum stake applies, a smaller bet may mean that the top tier is unavailable even while other play remains possible. The game rules need to identify which tier is linked to which stake.

When comparing mystery progressive slots in the UK, the useful distinction is therefore not the label but the trigger and qualification terms. A list of progressive slots may include games with different trigger routes, and a shared “mystery” description does not make their rules interchangeable. One may rely on a random event; another may require a combination or bonus entry. Some random-trigger games may also attach the top tier to a minimum bet.

The practical calculation is straightforward: identify the trigger, check whether a particular combination or bonus entry is required, then confirm whether the selected stake qualifies for the prize tier in question. Without those terms, “mystery” and “must hit by” describe too little to establish eligibility.

Playing Progressive Slots Within UK Account Controls

Access begins with an account at a UKGC-licensed operator. Remote gambling businesses serving customers in Great Britain must hold the relevant Gambling Commission licence, and age must be verified before deposits are accepted. The public register allows a licence to be checked before money is transferred; a logo on a site is not a substitute for the register entry.

Legal Compliance

Remote gambling businesses serving customers in Great Britain must hold a Gambling Commission licence; users should verify this via the public register.

Account controls apply to progressive slots as they do to other online slots. Before a new customer makes a first deposit, the operator must prompt them to set a financial limit and provide accessible controls for managing account limits. These controls matter because a jackpot label does not change the cost of repeated stakes: the balance falls with each wager, whether or not a prize is won.

UKGC-licensed operators must make responsible-gambling tools available. These include deposit limits, loss limits, session reminders and self-exclusion, alongside access to support resources. A deposit limit restricts money added to the account; a loss limit addresses losses over the period defined in the account settings. Session reminders mark time spent playing. Self-exclusion is a stronger restriction on access, rather than a prompt to pause. The exact settings and their application are presented by the operator.

The stake ceiling depends on age. For a single online slots game cycle, the maximum stake is £2 for customers aged 18 to 24 and £5 for customers aged 25 or over. The £5 ceiling for older adults took effect on 9 April 2025. These are maximums, not recommended stakes, and the applicable limit is determined by the customer’s age.

Payment rules also constrain account funding. UKGC-licensed casinos cannot accept credit cards for gambling, including credit-card funds routed through a money service business. A wallet cannot be used for gambling if it permits credit-card funds to be spent that way. These restrictions concern the source of funds, not the type of slot.

Online slots cannot be set to autoplay in Britain. At least 2.5 seconds must pass from the start of one game cycle before another can begin. This sets a minimum interval between cycles; it does not make a session financially predictable. Limits and reminders are account controls, not a forecast of what a progressive slot will return.

Greentube Online Casinos UK: Amatic Games Explained

Choosing a Progressive Game to Try for Free

There is no dependable, fixed list of the best progressive slots available to UK players. A title’s presence depends on the operator, and provider catalogue updates can change what is offered. A game found at one casino may not appear at another, or may later be removed. A specialist review also notes that availability changes as providers update their catalogues; its description should not be treated as a live inventory.

A practical comparison starts with the casino’s own game lobby. Search for progressive titles, then open the game information to establish whether it is identified as progressive and whether a free-play or demo option is actually available. The distinction matters: a game can be listed without offering a free version, and a demo does not establish that the same title is available for real-money play at that operator.

Free spins are a separate offer, not proof that a progressive game can be tested without payment. A specialist review reports that most free-spin offers exclude progressive slots and that winnings from progressive slots played with free spins may be capped between £50 and £100. Those terms are offer-specific, so the relevant bonus rules need to be checked for the game and promotion concerned. A headline number without its eligibility conditions is not a usable comparison.

For a short list, record the title, the operator showing it, whether a demo is accessible, and any stated restriction on free spins. That creates a current comparison rather than a supposed UK-wide ranking. Catalogues move; the operator’s own listing is the point-in-time check.

Gladiator: Road to Rome can be considered as a title to look up, but its name alone does not establish that it is progressive or available to try for free. Those details need confirmation in the operator’s listing.

Progressive Jackpot Slots: How Pools and Play Work

Are progressive jackpot slots worth playing?

They may appeal if you value the chance of a large jackpot, but that comes with a trade-off: the base-game RTP is often 88%–92%, and 1%–3% of each wager typically goes to the jackpot pool. The jackpot is a possible outcome, not a guaranteed extra return.

Do all UK casinos offer the same progressive jackpot games?

No. Progressive slot availability varies by operator and changes as providers update their catalogues. Where multiple operators offer the same networked game, they share its jackpot pool.

What should I look for in a progressive jackpot slot?

Check the base-game RTP, the share of each wager going to the jackpot, and how the jackpot is triggered. Some games also require a minimum bet to qualify for the highest jackpot tier.

How fast are progressive jackpot withdrawals paid out?

Debit card withdrawals typically take 1–3 working days, e-wallets can take hours, and bank transfers often take 3–5 working days or longer. Large jackpot payouts may need extra verification and may be paid in instalments over several years.

Can you win a progressive jackpot on a minimum bet?

It depends on the game’s jackpot rules: some random-trigger games require a minimum bet to qualify for the highest jackpot tier. Check the game’s terms to see whether a minimum stake applies.

Responsible Gambling

Created by the ”Seven Casino” editorial team.

Eyecon Slots at UK Online Casinos: Availability Guide
Eyecon Slots at UK Online Casinos: Availability Guide

Learn how to distinguish Eyecon game providers from casino operators and why a game listing…

Big Jackpot Slots at UK Online Casinos: What to Check
Big Jackpot Slots at UK Online Casinos: What to Check

Learn how UK stake limits, operator access to Amatic titles, RTP differences, jackpot evidence and…

NoLimit City Slots at UK Casinos: Licensing Guide
NoLimit City Slots at UK Casinos: Licensing Guide

Learn how UKGC licensing applies to remote casinos in Great Britain and what to check…

Playtech Online Casinos in the UK: What to Check
Playtech Online Casinos in the UK: What to Check

Learn why a UKGC licence does not confirm a casino’s game suppliers, and what to…

Best Bingo Casinos UK: Understanding Amatic Slots
Best Bingo Casinos UK: Understanding Amatic Slots

Rather than rank bingo sites, this guide explains how Amatic games reach casino lobbies and…